The Schematic Propositional Analogical Associative Representation Systems (SPAARS) Model of Emotion

The Schematic Propositional Analogical Associative Representation Systems (SPAARS) Model of Emotion

The multi-level approach has significant value at this point. Because a great deal of clinical treatment uses single-level approaches in that what is the relationship between emotion and cognition? Such as, Beck defines a lineal, straightforward link between cognition and emotion that is valid most of the psychiatric circumstances. (e.g. Beck, Freeman, et al., 1990; Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) However, his method of treatment that is therapy base on cognition has had incontrovertible advantages in the area of psychiatric disorders and development (e.g.   Gloaguen, Cottraux, Cucherat, & Blackburn, 1998). But there are some difficulties about his and colleagues' lineal approach. The orders of aggregation are more limiting here.

The Schematic Propositional Analogical Associative Representation Systems (SPAARS) model of emotion offered by Power & Dalgleish in 1997 which is a multi-level cognitive approach of emotion. It could say that SPAARS contain two basic system in nature which are analogical representation system and semantic representation system. Additionally,

 semantic representation system includes three key components which are schematic model level, associative level and propositional level (Khetrapal, 2007).

Primarily, the stimuli take place with sensory-specific systems which involve the proprioceptive, the ocual, the auditory, the haptic, and the olfactory senses. Thus, those senses come together as analogical representation system that sees first event which could be external or internal. Briefly, the analogical system represents events (Jones, S. H., 2001). Then, the output from the analogical system may support the three semantic representation systems that they work in direct proportion to each other. The representation produced within a specific modality does not need linguistic construal to have meaning and the ‘rules’ of conjunction for such a representation are loose (unlike linguistic systems, there is no particular sequence of representation needed to be ‘meaningful’) (Jones, S. H. 2001). SPAARS model of emotion promotes basic emotion theory which contains five main emotions that are sadness, happiness, anger, fear, and disgust. According to this theory, all other kind of emotions comes into existence from those.

When looked the propositional level which bases on the intangible structure that could completely define with usual language. These sorts of representations could describe as explicit at the same time rather than the implicit disposition of analogical representation system. In additionally, the propositional level is discrete for illustrating that ' Ankara is Capital of Turkey.'

The schematic model level has more extensive structure that mentions mostly high-level substance, not like propositional level or analogical representation system. The schematic model also comprises those models which represent knowledge at the level of ’’verbally expressible propositional concepts'' according to the original text. (Power & Dalgleish, 1997)

Emotions could be experienced without schematic model level through the associative level. It is offered that internal or external events, which have recurrent matching with schematic inferences and their result emotions throughout the individual’s specific past experiences, can, eventually, learn outcome an associate to emotion in which the lineal admission to schematic inference is no longer needed (Fox, Federici & Power, 2012).

As mentioned above, five basic emotions were described by Power and Dalgleish. According to this theory someone when experienced one emotion that triggers the others. So, it could say that the first emotions have a reciprocal effect on next emotion. Therefore, sadness could stimulate anxiety, which could stimulate more sadness. It is like a circle. Instead, emotions could be stimulated as well (e.g. sadness and anger) by the same event (Power & Dalgleish, 1997).

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• Fox, J. R., Federici, A., & Power, M. J. (2012). Emotions and eating disorders. Eating and its disorders, 167-184.
• Gloaguen, V., Cottraux, J., Cucherat, M., & Blackburn, I. M. (1998). A meta-analysis of the effects of cognitive therapy in depressed patients. Journal of affective disorders, 49(1), 59-72.
• Jones, S. H. (2001). Circadian rhythms, multilevel models of emotion and bipolar disorder—an initial step towards integration?. Clinical psychology review, 21(8), 1193-1209.
• Khetrapal, N. (2007). SPAARS Approach: Integrated cognitive model of emotion of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Centre for Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences
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• Power, M., & Dalgleish, T. (2015). Cognition and emotion: From order to disorder. Psychology press.